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(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. W. LOVELL 8a A. BREDENBERG.

BOOK BINDING AND UOVERING MAQHIN-R, No. 476,208.

Patented May 31. 1892.

WITNESSES.

MM$ QQW (No Model.) 11 Sheets-e-Sheet 2. G. W. LOVELL 8B A. BREDENBERG. BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MACHINE.

No. 476,208. Patented May 31, 1892.

WITNESSES ms nonms ravens mam-1.1mm, wasnwmou, n4

(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 3.

O. W. LOVELL & A. BREDENBERG. BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MACHINE.

No. 476,208. V Pa tented May 31,1892.

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(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 4.

O. W. LOVELL & A. BREDENBEBG. BOOK BINDING AND G'OVERING MACHINE.

No. 476,208. Patented May 31, 1892.

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(N0 MOdeL) 11 Sheets-Sheet 5. G. W. LOVELL 8a A. B'REDENBERG. BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MACHINE. No. 476,208. Patented May 31, 1892.

WITNESSES. Jim/Z14 fldwvzz I (No Model.) 11 Sheets-S-heet 6.

0. W. LOVELL & A. BREDENB-ERG. BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MACHINE.

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(No Model.) 11 SheetsSheet O. W. LOVELL & A. BREDENBERG.

BOOK BINDING-AND COVERING MACHINE. No. 476,208.

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(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 8. O. W. LOVELL & A. BREDENBERG. BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MACHINE. N0. '76,208.v M, k Patented May 31,1892.

WITNESSES: JOWZLJ VII 1,

11 Sheets-Sheet 9. G. W. LOVELL & A. BREDENBERG.

(No Model.)

BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MAOHINB. I

Patent-ed May 31, 1892.

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WITNESSES.

(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 10. G. W. LOVELL 85 A. BREDENBERG.

Patented May 31, 1892,

BOOK BINDING AND COVERING MACHINE. No. 476,208.

WITNESSES: 7371,7214 Mu/W 0w m: nomus rzrznscn, mom-mun, WASHINGTON, n, c.

l 11 Sheets-Sheet 11. G. W. LOVELL 81; A. BRED'ENBERG.

(No Model.)

BOOK BINDING AND GOVERING MACHINE. No. 476,208.

Patented May 31, 1892 [gm/L A TTOR/VEY.

n4: mums versus :0, manruma wAsmnm'on, n. c.

. UNITED STATES PATENT ,OFFICE.

CHARLES \V. LOVELL AND ALFRED BREDENBERG, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNORS OF ONE-THIRD TO JOHN W. LOVELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 476,208, dated May 31, 1892.. Application filed September 17, 1891. Serial No. 406,030. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern: at the same time, and so that there is no Be it known that we, CHARLES W. LOVELL hack motion or movement of the machine, it

and ALFRED BREDENBERG, citizens of the moving always forwardly and accomplishing United States, and residents of Brooklyn, in work at each step, so that there is no loss in 5 5 the county of Kings and State of New York, time.

have invented certain new and useful 1n1. Our invention also comprises thedetails of provements in Book Binding and Covering construction of the machine and the process Machines, of which the following is a specifiworked out by it, as hereinafter set forth.

cation. 1 In the drawings the same reference-letters 6o Our invention relates to improvements 1n indicate the same parts in all the figures.

book binding and covering machines, and 1n Figure 1 is an elevation of the left-hand certain respects it has a general resemblance end of the machine. Fig. l is a view, the to the book-covering machine for which we same as Fig. 1, showing the right-hand end filed an application for Letters Patent Noof the machine. These two figures taken to- 65 I5 vemher 21, 1890, the same being Serial No. gether show a side elevation of the complete 372,191. machine. Fig. 2 isa plan view of the left-hand The essential features of our invention, end of the machine. Fig.2"-isa plan view of broadly stated, are as follows The machine the right-hand end of the machine. Those two is so constructed that it is adapted to take figures taken together constitute a plan view 70 the books in separate sheets or leaves or sepof the complete machinem Fig. 3 is an end arated signatures properly arranged to conview of the left-hand end of the machine. Fig. stitnte acompleted book, which are automati- 4 is a sectional view seen from the left-hand cally clamped by the machine, and are can end of the machine, taken on the line so a: of ried first over sawsor knives, or both, where- Fig. 1-. Fig. 5 isa sectional view,seen from the 75 by the back edges of the sheets or signatures left, taken on the line ccoc of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 i are evened, roughened, or fibered and given a sectional View, seen from the left, take on a desired shape and condition for therecepthe line 00 :0 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a sectional tion of adhesive material. Then the books view, seen from the left, taken on the line a are successively carried over specially conm of Fig. 1. Fig. Sis a sectional view, seen .80 o structed and arranged gluing devices, wherefrom the left, taken-on the line 50 m of Fig, 1, by glue or other adhesive material is properly Fig. 9 is a sectional view, seen from the left, applied to the backs of the books, and then taken on the line of m of Fig. 1 and also on they are further carried through the machine the same line in Fig. 1. Fig. 10 isasectional and suitable backing material of such kind view, seen from the left, taken on the line 96 8 as may be preferred is automatically applied 03 of Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is asectionalview, seen to their backs. Then as the machine further from the left, taken on the line 39 m of Fig, operates the paper cover is fed and attached 1. Fig. 12 is an enlarged View of the chain to the book, and thereafter the covers are or carrier which feeds the backing material, pressed upon, dried, and broken around the as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 13 is a detail, shown 90 4o edges of the backs of the books, which are in plan and partly sectioned, of the book-carthen carried by the machine while the adherying chain. Fig. 14. is an elevation of one of sive material sets, and are finally delivered the links of the book-carrying chain, showing in a completed condition upon a table or its one-half of the clamp attached thereto. Fig. equivalent, suitably arranged for packing or 15 is a detail of the clamp opening or retract- 5 5 further manipulation. ing devices, shown in section. Fig. 16 is a plan Our invention also relates to or comprises of a number of thelinks of the book-carrving certain attachments to the machine, whereby chain, showing the clamps and some of the we are enabled to make round-back books coacting parts. Fig. 17 is a detached plan adapted to receive leather or cloth cases or view of the cover-feeding table. Fig. 18 is a [00 covers, and the machine is so constructed that detached plan View of the driving-wheel for a plurality of books may be operated upon the book-carrying chain. Fig. 19 is an edge round-back books,

view of the leaves or signatures clamped ready for the action of the back-trimming devices. Fig. is a like view showing the trimming devices in operation. Fig. 21 is a like view showing the devices for applying the backing material. Fig. 22 is a like view showing the cover drying and breaking devices. Fig. 23 is a view of the parts as shown in Fig. 22 in their second position. Figs. 24 and 25 are details of the glue-rollers. Fig. 26 is a detached endwise elevation of the book clamping and shearing devices for making round-back books. Fig. 27 is a plan of the parts shown in Fig. 26.. Fig. 28is a detached sidewise elevation of the parts shown in Figs. 26 and 27. Fig. 29 is a detached end elevation of the baclerounding devices about to operate. Fig. 30 is a view, the same as Fig. 29, sliowin g the position of the parts for rounding the back at the end of the operation. Fig. 31 is an endwise elevation of the back dressing or surfacing devices for rouhdback books, the saws being also represented in side view. Fig. 32 is a view similar to Fig. 31, showing the gluing devices for round-back books. Fig. 33 is a side elevation showing the devices for applying the backing material to round-back books. Fig. 34: is a detail of the devices for severing the backing material. Fig. 35 is an elevation of the devices for pressing, drying, and breaking the backing material upon Fig. 3G is an endwise elevation of the devices shown in Fig. 35 on the line 00 of that figure. Fig. 37 is a detail of the clamps for attaching the backing mate-- rial on round-back books.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 1, 2, and 2, A is the frame of the machine. It may be made of any preferred material, but preferably iron. B is the main driving-shaft, to which power is applied in any preferred manner. C is a pinion keyed upon the driving-shaft, which meshes into a gear D upon the main shaft E of the machine, and upon this shaft E is a helical cam F, cast or otherwise supported upon a hub G, which is bored so as to fit the shaft E, to which it is keyed. The cam F in its rotation engages with the chain-driving wheel H, which is set upon the end of the shaft I, which is journaled in bearings J J, supported on the frame of the machine. This driving wheel H has upon its periphery a number of rollers K K, &c., which rotate upon studs L, fastened by nuts M to the periphery of the wheel H, and these rollers are so spaced upon the peripheryof the wheel H and there are such a number of them that they will coact with the helical cam F in such manner as to rotate the driving-Wheel H intermittently,

or, in other words, by a step-by-step movement. N N N N are four large carrier-wheels. The two at the right-hand end of the machine are keyed to the shaft I, and the two at the left-hand end of the machine are keyed to a shaft 0, which revolves in bearings P, supported upon the frame of the machine. Q Q, &c., are notches made in the peripheries of the wheels N N, 850., preferably opposite the spokes thereof, in which the cross-bolts S S,

&c., of the'book-carrier chain engage. R R, &c., are the links of the book-carrying chain. The construction of these links and their arrangements in the book-carrying chain is well seen in Fig. 13that is to say, the ends of each pair of links are pivoted upon a cross-bolt S, the bolt extends beyond the links, and upon the ends of each bolt there are placed small rollers T T, adapted to roll along a track or way U U, supported upon uprights forming part of the frame A. -In this way sagging of the parts is prevented. V V are clamp-plates attached to the inner face of the line of links R, which is upon the outside of the machine. There are no clampplates upon the line of links that is upon the inside of the machine.

WV W (see Fig. 13) are the counterpart clamp-plates for those which are set upon the links of the chain, as before stated. They are mounted upon the cross-bolts S at one end and at the other upon a cross bolt or rod Y, there being sleeves Z Z at the ends of the clamps WV, whereby they are adapted to slide smoothly and easily upon the cross belts or rods S and Y. A A are springs, which encircle the rods S and Y, respectively, and normally exert a closing pressure upon the movable clamps XV. Theirtension may be regulated by set-nuts B. The clamps W are provided with an upwardly-extending lug 0, whereby they are,withdrawn and the clamps opened, as hereinafter set forth. The rod or cross-bolt Y is entered into the links R R at its ends and held fast by setscrews E, and the other ends of these links are fastened to the cross-bolts S by similar setscrews E.

In order that the construction of the machine may be more easily perceived, the devices will be described in the order of operation of the machine. Consequentlythedevices employed for opening the clamps that the sheets or signatures composing the book may be placed within them will first be described, and after that the back-dressing devices, then the gluing devices, and so on in succession. To begin with, therefore,

First. The clamp-opening devices, (see especially Figs. 1, 2, and 4:) F F is 'a cam mounted upon the shaft E, which engages with a roller G, mounted on a recessed frame H, which is guided by and slides upon the shaft E and which is fastened by a set-screw 1 to the end of a longitudinally-sliding bar J, which slides through a bearing K, made on or attached to the slideway U, and at the forward end of the slide-bar J is a dog L, fastened by a set-screw, as shown, which has a rectangular projecting part M, which engages with the lug O of the movable jaws as they successively coincide with it during the operation of the machine, and the parts are so timed that at each intermittent movement one of the jaws \/V will coincide in position with the parts just described and will rest IIO there, while the cam F, by reason of the con tinued revolution of the shaft E, retracts the slide-bar J, and consequently the movable jaw W, because of the engagement of the part M of the dog L with the lug G on the allowing them to drop until they rest upon a table N, (see Fig. 1,) whereby the book is properly supported in a vertical line, so that it will register with the other devices in its As the shaft still further revolves the cam F passes the rollerG, and the clamps W, acted upon by the passage through the machine.

springs A, close upon and grip the book and carry it forward to the back-dressing devices.

Second. The back-dressin g devices: As the book is carried forward the lower portion or back thereof, which projects downwardly from the clamps, slides between a fixed guide 0 on the machine and another counterpart guide P, supported on the ends of rods 63' and supported vertically upon the table N,

all the parts being supported on a bracket R, (see Fig. 4,)and this movable giiideP is pressed toward the fixed guide 0 by springs S, which encircle the rods Q, and the tension of these springs is such that the book will readily and Without injury slide between them as it is carried through the machine,irrespective of the thickness of the book. The faces of the guides are of course smoothed and preferably polished. The guide P is prevented from longitudinal movement by a headed pin '1", which plays through a slot made in a lug U, formed on the rear of the guide P. The pin T is fastened into the table N or any other suitable support. As the book is carried along through these guides it comes in contact with two gangs of saws V and W. These are set at different angles (see Fig. 2) upon shaft Y and Z, they being driven by a belt A which passes over pulleys B and 0 set upon the shaft Y and Z, respectively, and also around the idler D The belt A passes around a driving-pulley E, which is mounted on a shaft Z which may be driven in any suitable manner. WVe show it' as driven by a beveled gear F mounted upon a shaft G which is driven by a belt-pulley 11*. We obtain such adjustments as are desirable to maintain these parts in proper running order by means of setscrews, (shown in Fig. 1,) which take a hearing upon the boxes in which theshafts of the pulleys 15 G and D respectively, .revolve, which bodily elevate or depress those boxes, thus giving any desired adjustment.

In Figs. 19 and 20 the position of the parts during the surfacing of the back of the book is clearly shown. In Fig. 19 the book is shown as being carried along through the two guides O and P, and in Fig. 20 the saws W are shown sawing off the back of the book, or, in other words, surfacing it for the reception of the backing material. We place the saws at different angles and employ two sets of them, so that we mayavoid concaving the back of the book, as would be the case if the saw run crosswise, also tearingthe leaves, as would be the case in running the saws lengthwise of the book. We wish it. to be understood, however, that good results can be obtained by running the saws either lengthwise or crosswise under many circumstances.

WVetherefore do notlimit ourselves to saws arranged as we show them. This is simply the preferred arrangement, Nor do we limit ourselves to two sets of saws. A single saw may under many circumstances be employed. y these devices the back of the book is made uniform, even, and fibrous, and the folds of the signatures are removed, exposing the edge of each individual sheet, and the back of the book is adapted to receivethe adhesive Inaterial; but in order that all dust, looseJpieces of fiber, 650., may be removed prior to the appulls out the fibers of the paper. The ma chine next carries the book and subjects its back to the operation ofa Third. The gluing devices, which are as follows: M is a pulley upon a shaft N ,s11itably jou rnaled on the frame of the machine.

From it runs a belt 0 which passes over a pulley P which is keyed to the shaft E, thence around a pulley Q fastened upon the end of a shaft R thence over an idlerpulley S and under the pulley M again. In this way the shaft R is driven by the power derived from the shaft E. On the shaft R is a sprocket-wheel T over which a sprocketchain U passes, which engages with another sprocket-wheel V supported on a shaft WW, upon whichv is one of the glue-rollers Y, the other glue-roller Z being upon the shaft R These two glue-rollers revolve in the gluetank A their lower portion running in the glue or other adhesive matter in a manner Well understood. In Figs. 2% and we show our preferred construction of these glue-rollers, and they are preferably made of metal, and their peripheries are scored circumferentially with little grooves B which are shown in Fig. 25. They are likewise scored transversely with other grooves C In this way the somewhat sharp or pointed projections from the face of the glue-rollers penetrate the fibrous and partially-yielding backs of the books and in a very effective manner work the cementing or adhesive material into and upon them, thus securing good adplication of the adhesive material we employ having roughened surfaces.

hesion of the backing materials. o prefer to use two glue-rollers so as to be sure to secure a thorough application of adhesive material. i/Ve do not, however, limit ourselves to a plurality of glue rollers. Under many. circumstances one will answer very well. Nor do we confine ourselves to rollers In order that excess of glue maybe removed from the rollers within the tank, we provide scrapers D D which are attached to a sliding frame or strip of metal E which slides in rabbets made in the edges of the cover F of the glue-tank, and we secure accurate adjustment by means of a little thumb-screw G which is attached by a spindle H to the end of the frame E This spindle is threaded at its end and screws in and out of a threaded hole made in the side of the glue-tank. By this means we can with great nicety adjust the little scrapers D toward or from the glue-rollers, thus removin g excess of glue and lumps, bubbles, &c. After the book has passed these gluing devices it comes next to Fourth. The devices for feeding and applying the backing material. They are as follows: Upon the shaft E (see Figs. 1, 2, and 7) is keyed a cam 1 which engages with aroller J upon the end of a rocking lever K which is pivoted to the frame at L and upon the free end of this lever is mounted a pair of sprocket-wheels M over which pass sprocket-chains N which engage other sprocketwheels 0 which are mounted in a swinging frame P which is pivoted to the main frame of the machine at Q and upon the axle of the first-named sprocket wheel M is keyed a ratchet-wheel R with which engages a pawl S attached to the end of a pivoted arm T and U is a spring which tends to pull the pawl down upon the ratchet. The sprocketohains N N as best shown in Figs. 12 and 21, have mounted upon alternate links sheet-iron plates V at the rear edge of each of which is an u pwardly-exten ding flan ge W The backing material, which may be any suitable fabric or fibrous or other material, ordinarily cotton-batting, crash, paper, cloth, or a combination of these, being first cut or otherwise made of the proper size and form to be applied to the backs of the books, is placed one piece at a time upon each one of the plates V flwith one edge resting against the upright flange W and the adjustment of the parts and the relation of the book-holding clamp to these plates when elevated for attaching the backin gmaterial to the book are such thatthe flange acts as a guide or adjusting device for the backing material, so that a portion of it will project beyond the back of the book and may be subsequently folded up against the sides of the book for more complete and strong confinement thereof. This is shown in Fig. 21, in which Y is the backing material, being pressed against the back of the book. The mechanical operation of this part of the device is as follows: During the revolution of the shaft E the cam 1 acting against the roller J depresses the lever K The consequent elevation of the sprocket-wheels M causes the frame P and the other sprocket-wheels O to swing and move upwardly with the sprocketwheels M during which movement the pawl S causes a rotation of the sprocket-wheels by reason of its hold upon the ratchet-wheel B In this way the next succeeding plate V on the sprocket-chains is moved into position, and the adjustments, as already stated, are such that the backing material,which at this time is resting upon these plates, is carried upwardly and attached to the back of the book, being pressed thereon by the upwardly-rising plates V The next operation of the machine is- Fifth. The cover-attaching devices, which are as follows, reference being had to Figs. 1, 2, S, and 17: Upon the power-shaftE is keyed a cam A which en a es with a roller B on.

the end of a lever 0 which is fulcrumed at D upon a suitable support E", which rests upon the main frame. The front end of the lever C is bifurcated at F, and on each horn is a roller G which is pivoted to a nut H turning upon little studs 1 The interior of the nut H is threaded, and a threaded rod J screws through it, and upon the upper end of this rod is a cover-supportin g table K L L are two shafts supported at one end upon a frame or bracket M and at their other ends upon a portion of the frame A, as shown. Upon these shafts are arranged vertical covergages N N, which are supported upon acrossframe 0 0 each provided with a threaded sleeve P and the outsidesof the shafts UL are threaded to coincide with the thread in the sleeve, and at the end of the frames 0 which is opposite that upon which the threaded sleeves are, there is another shorter sleeve Q which slides upon the other shaft L and upon each of these shafts is fastened a handwheel R whereby the shafts may be con veniently turned and the guides N consequently adjusted toward and from each other and also shifted relative to the center of the table K so that any desired position of the covers may be secured. Other guides 2 2 (see Fig. 2) may be employed for locating the covers, if desired. The threaded spindle J projects below the nut H through a slideway S (see Fig. 8,) made on the bracket M an dbelow this slideway it passes through a sleeve T to which it is splined, and upon this sleeve is attached a beveled gear U, which meshes into another gear V upon a shaft which extends through a bearing W attached to the bracket M, and upon the same shaft is keyed a little ratchet-gear Y and beyond this gear is a little hand-wheel Z. The gear Y engages with a pawl A pivoted to a crank B which is keyed to a shaft 0 upon which is keyed a crank D to which is pivoted a rod E, which is connected at F to the lever 0 The operation of this part of the machine is as follows: The shaft E revolving, the cam A acting upon the roller B rocks the lever The free end of the lever moving upwardly carries the spindle J and the table K upon which the covers are piled one on top of the other. The uppermost one is thus pressed firmly against the back of the book, which is held in the clamps R and W above it. The adhesive material having passed through the fibrous material or other backing stuff, or being squeezed through it by the pressure of the cover, attaches the cover to the back of the book. The spindle J slides through the slideway S and through the sleeve T, the spline in the sleeve sliding through a slot in the spindle in a manner well known, and as the free end of the lever (J goes up it also takes up with it the connecting-bar E thus rocking the shaft C whereby the pawl A acting upon the ratchet-gear Y turns the beveled gears V and U, thus slightly rotating the spindle J and causing it to screw itself upwardly through the threaded sleeve 11, in

this way compensating for the thickness of the covers, which are successively removed by their attachment to the books, and in or der that covers of dilfering thicknesses may be used the throw of the pawl A is regulated by a slot G made in the arm or lever B to which the pawl A is attached, so that it may be moved in and out relative to its axis 0", so that it will engage with each succeeding tooth or every other tooth, or every third, fourth, or other tooth of the ratchetgear Y as the case may require. The covers being attached to the back of the book, as stated, the machine next moves them to the next devices, which are- Sixth. The cover drying, breaking, and pressing devices, which are as follows, refen ence being bad to Figs. 1, 2, 9,10, 11, 22, and 23: H and I are two large pulleys suitablyjournaled upon the frame of the machine. J is agear keyed upon the shaft- I' L is a sprocket-wheel upon the shaft K and M is a sprocket-wheel upon the shaft I, and N is a sprocket-chain connecting these wheels. 0 is another gear, which meshes into the gear J It is supported upon a shaft Pfiwhich is pulley l is keyed.

suitably journaled upon the frame of the machine,and upon this same shaft the large It will thus be seen that through the chain of gearing and power-transmittin g devices just stated the large pulley l is driven from the shaft I. Q is a steel belt, which passes around the large pulleys H and 1 and between them it passes over a long table or plate of metal R which constitutes the upper plate or side of aheating-box S which is suitably heated by steam or otherwise. T and U are two cover-breaking jaws, which slide over the upper surface of the steel band Q and close to that band and preferably rest upon it. They are caused to approach and recede by the following arrangem ent of levers:

Upon the shaft E is keyed a cam V, which acts upon a roller W 01i the end of a lever Z, which is f ulcrumed at A in bearings on brackand bolt F. .at one end, respectively, to arms 1" l, w c are adjustably clamped to the shaft A y the cover-breaker U is attached.

connecting-rods pivoted to these arms and connecting with the clamp or cover-breaker T at their other ends.

The lever Z is ad- .l bly clamped to the shaft A by a clamp G6 and H are two rods pivoted clamps and bolts J and the other ends of these arms H are pivoted at K to levers L L, which are fulcrumed at the lower ends, as at M M, to brackets N N which are supported on the frame of the machine, and at the upper ends of the levers L' there .are pivoted short arms 0 0, upon the ends og gvhlch 1s a guide bar for supporting and guiding the loose end or flap of the cover on one side, and

;Q is a similar bar on the other side of the book-holding clamps. These bars are su pported upon the upper front portion of the arms E E and 0 0, respectively, and their forward ends-that is to say, the ends toward the left, as shown in Fig. 1are curved downwardly below the plane of the back of the a plane higher than the back of the book.

Consequently the covers are deflected and bent upwardly, as shown in Fig. 22, so that they are above the incoming breakers U and T, which slide in,as hereinafter explained, and clamp or break the cover sharply around the corners of the book-back, as shownin Fig. 23. We will here state that the breakers T and U are preferably made, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, as is also the heating-box and steel band Q of sufficient length to act a number of times'upon the same book-that is to say, the breakers in the machine, as illustrated, are long enough to give three successive squeezes to the same bookand the heatingbox and steel band aresutliciently long to allow the same book four periods of rest while in contact with them. This or substantially this construction we prefer, because better results are obtained when there are a plurality of these operations performed upon the same book; but we do not limit ourselves to this construction. Various devices may be successfully employed when sufficient to give or perform a single operation only. It will also be apparent to those who are familiar with this art that these devices may, one or all of them, be divided and located at a suitable, although different, part of the machine, provided their operation or function performed is substantially the same. It is not at all essential that they be located exactly as illus trated, nor is it essential that these instrumentalities should be all in one piece, respectively, nor operated by the same power-conveying instrumentalities, and while upon this subject we desire here to state that the foregoing is true of our machine generally, except where its operation requires a special arran gement, the various parts maybe located, combined, actuated, and generally disposed and constructed in any suitable manner to perform the functions described.

The mechanical operation of the devices last described is as follows: The shaft E revolves the cam V in contact with the roller W", which rocks the arm Z which in turn rocks the shaft A .whereupon the arms D D, acting through the connecting-rods E E and the arms I I, acting through the connecting-rods 1-1 H, levers L L, and connecting-rods O move the cover-breakers T and U respectively, toward and from the books, squeezing and breaking the covers around their back edges, as already stated; and in order that f It therefore only remains to descr1be books of different thicknesses may be prop.-

erly covered and the breakers caused to coinas follows, reference being had to Figs. 1, 2,

cide with the axial line of each book, irrespective of its thickness, the adjustable at 5 livery of the covered book are substantially, if i not identically, the same as the devices which 9 open the clamp forthe receipt of the books in the first instance-that is to say, havin gspe'cial reference to Figs. 2 and 4. F is a cam, the same 1 as the cam F on the shaft E. G is a roller, the same as the roller G.

.tachmcnts or clamps F on the lever Z and J J on the levers G and H have been provided, because, as will be seen, by loosening these clamps and bringing the breakers by hand up against the first book, of whatever thickness it may be, the parts will automatically adjust themselves to their then position and to a book of the thickness of the one then present, and while the parts are in such new adjustment and the breakers held firmly against the back of the book, the clampingbolts of the said clamps JJ and F being set up firmly, the machine is put; in position to operate upon books of that thickness.

In order that the steel belt Q may at all times have the proper tenseness and variations resulting from contraction and expansion, stretching, wear, &c., be compensated for, we provide a tightening device, as follows: R is a smooth-faced pulley f ulcrumed to the, end of an arm 8, which is pivoted at T to the frame of the machine. plate rigidly fastened in any suitable manner upon the shaft T, and V is a bolt which passes through the slot in the plate U and enters any suitable rigid part of the frame of the machine. By these means and in a wellknown manner the pulley R may be pressed upwardly with greater or less power, as desired, against the steel baud Q, as shown in Fig. 1, and set or locked in the desired position by screwing up the set-bolt V so that its head or awasher under it shall clamp and firmly hold the plate Q and consequently the shaft T and pulley R, in the desired position.

It will be observed that the operation of the cover-feeding, the cover-breaking, and the cover-drying devices, the same as those heretofore described, is intermittent or step by step, deriving their respective movements from devices which either have an intermit- U is aslotted eases tent movement themselves or else are so con structed as to act intermittently uponthe parts.

In the manner above stated the books are received one at a ti me, in each pair of clamps as they are presented to the operator in an open condition, and in due course each set of clamps has its own book, which is automatically carried step by step through the machine. At each step one or the other of the operations above described are performed upon the books and in due time they are carried up over the right-hand wheels N N of the book-carrying chain and are then carried across the machine in an inverted position v and in reverse direction to the delivery end, which is close by the place of feeding, and during this transit the books become sulfil ciently, it not entirely, dry and hardened, so

that they will permanently maintain their shape when delivered from the machine and may be immediately packed for shipment.

Seventh. The delivery devices, which are and 4: The clamp-opening devices for the de- H is a slotted plate or frame, the same as the plate or frame H. I is a set-screw, the same as the set-screw I. J 7 is a sliding connecting-rod, the same as the rod J. K is a slideway or bearing, the same as K. L is a dog, the same as the dog L. M is a laterally-projectin'g surface from the dog adapted to engage with the lugC on themovable clamp NV. These devicesjust described are spaced so that they shall open the p'airof clamps immediately succeeding those which are open for the receipt of a book in the first instance, and when they are opened the book carried by them drops from the clamp through an opening in a plate A 011 the under side of which there are attached two guides for closing the covers up against the sides of the ITO book. They are marked B 13 After dropping through them the book falls on its back upon the delivery-table C and then a pusher D successively pushes the books along over the table, as shown in Fig. 4, thus always leaving a vacant space forthesucceedingbook. This pusher is constructed and operated'as follows: Upon the main shaft E is arranged a cam E, which engages with a roller N on a pivoted lever 0 pivoted to the frame at P7. It is connected by a connectingfbar Q with the pusher-rod R which is suitably supported in bearings upon the frame of the machine. The operation is obvious. The cam E during the revolution of the shaft E, throws the roller N 'and lever O forwardly,and this movement is transmitted to the pusher-rod R by the connecting-rod Q The parts are retracted by acompressing-spring S placed be tween the lever O and the frame.

The machine as above described is adapted to the manufacture of fiat-back books, and before describing the parts employed when we make roundback books, we will describe its operation briefly. as already set forth, that it may be more easily and clearly understood, and in this general description,which we are about to give, we will not recite in detail the operation of the several parts, because that las already been given during the description of the several devices.

The books are placed, in the first instance, between the clamps of the machine when they are open by the devices first described, located immediately at the left of the saws, as seen in Fig. 2. The book is automatically clamped by the machine and carried during the next forward step thereof against the first gang of saws, where the back is surfaced and the edge of each sheet exposed to the action of the adhesive material. And at the same time another book is put-into the succeeding pair of clamps, which are then automatically presented and opened to the operator or feeder. At the next step of the machine the first book is acted upon by the second gang of saws, the

second book by the first gang of saws, and still another book is placed within the third pair of clamps in this manner and in stepby-step fashion. The books are received by the machine and are subjected to the vari ous operations in turn-.4. 12., first, the backs are surfaced, then the backs are brushed, then the adhesive material is applied, then the backing stuff is applied, then the covers are attached, then the covers are deflected so that the cover-breakers act upon their outsides, then they are subjected to the operation of the cover-breakers and to the drying and pressing devices, being squeezed or compressed preferably a plurality of times,

then they travel the entire length of the machine and in reverse direction, during which they become dry and firmly set, and finally they are one by one delivered automatically from the machine and piled up in a row in proper shape for packing, unless the'edges have to be trimmed. If so, they are in convenient shape to take to the cutting-machine, and it will be observed that in our machine there is no loss or delay occasioned by'back movements. The work is progressive and is accomplished at each forward movement of the machine. This is a great advantage;

also, that the bookswhen once placed in the machine are automatically treated by it, requiring no attention whatever, excepting to see that a sufficient number of covers are on the cover-feeding table, and a thousand or so of them can be placed there at one time. Therefore, substantially, the only attendance the machine requires is that of a boy or girl to place the books within the clamps in the first instance and of another boy or girl to feed the backing material to the carrier therefor. Of course the machinist or other competent persoualways present in binderies of sufficient importance to utilize one of these machines will adjust the machine in the first instance to adapt it to run an addition of any a special work.

lVhen desiring to make round backed books, we simply modify the construction and in certain respects the operation of some of the parts as follows, and all of the devices in the machine, excepting those which we shall now specially mention, remain and operate and may be constructed substantially the same as already described for making flatbacked books. Instead of the first gang of saws for dressing the backs, we prefer to employ a knife, which will smoothly and without fibering the back of the books out off the signature-folds and the rear edges of all the sheets, leaving them smooth and not interlocked with each other in any way, so that they may more certainly and with greater accuracy assume the rounding position which we will hereinafter describe. The knife is shown in Figs. 26, 27, and 28. a is a bracket, which is bolted to the frame of the machine in theplace occupied by the first gang of saws. b b are stay-rods bolted to the forward end of the bracket a, the other ends of the rods being journaled on the main shaft E. d (Z are two connecting-rods operated by cams on the main shaft E. They are connected at c with a sliding knife-carrier f, which slides upon Ways made on the bracket Ct. g is the knife, which is bolted to the knife-carrier by bolts h h. "L is a clamp sliding under guides j, which are bolted to the bracket, as shown. 7c is a spring coiled about a spindle Z, which abuts at one end against a lug m on the clamp and the other end against another lug n on the knife-carrier f. The spindle Z slides through the lug at when the spring is com-' cams and strengthening the machine for this operation. The book is held in the clamps already described in proper adjustment, so that as the knife is pressed forwardly it shears'off the entire rear surface of the book,

the resistance for the knife being afforded by the wooden bar 19, which is suitably supported upon the bracket. Immediately following the knife and before coming to the second set of saws the book is subjected to the back-roundingdevices. (Shownin Figs. 29 andSO.) These are as follows: By the end of the knife we provide a supporting-bar g, which is suitably sustained upon any rigid part of the machine,

and upon it we place and hold'in any suitable manner a female die or former T. It is readily removable and may be made of hard wood, if

preferred, because it will be necessary to have a number of them adapted to books of different thicknesses, and if made of wood they may be at the time of use easily reduced in size without expense, andthe books at the step made by the machine following the one at which the backs were sheared move successively over this female die, and when in this position devices which are or may be ldentical with those already described for automatically opening the clamp act upon the clamps which hold the book bver the female die and open them but they do not open them so much asin the other cases. The cam which operates the clamp-opener is so constructed and the parts are supplied with such ad usting devices that the clamps open sufficiently only to loosen their hold upon the books, and thereupon a cam suitably located on the shaft E acts upon the rear end of a pivoted lever, the forward bifurcated ends only of which are shown at s s. It is not deemed necessary to show this entire bar, because this construction is exceedingly simple and cannot fail to be understood. The pivot upon which it rocks may be fastened to any suitable part of the machine, and there is a roller, or, at least, a rounded piece of wood or metal or equivalent material held between the bifurcated ends 3 s in line longitudinally with the axis of the book, and as the shaft E revolves this rounding-depressor t is pressed downwardly against the upper edges of the book, pressing the rear edges of the sheets into the female die rand making the back of the book conform in shape thereto. In Fig. 20 we show thebook as having dropped byits ownweight through the relaxed clamps. Allof the leaves of the book go down together, because there is more friction between paper and paper, especially after having been squeezed together, than there is between paper and the polished surfaces of theclamps. Consequently the exterior sheet on both sides of the book will by theirown weight conform to the shape of the female die against which they 'drop; but the interior sheets, partly because offriction and partly because the inclined surfaces of the die compress them somewhat, are apt not to arrange themselves in conformity with the shape of the female die. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 30, the rocking of the bifurcated lever causes the formertto press downwardly upon the central and, in fact, all of the leaves of the book, thus overcoming such friction as may exist between the leaves and securing the desired result. After the book has been thus rounded at its back the clamps are again allowed to tighten upon the book, and at the next step it moves along to the second gang of saws, which, as before stated, is the only set we ordinarily use for roundbacked books, and they are constructed and arranged a little different from those used for flat-backed books and are as shown in Fig. 31-that is to say, they are made of different diameters, the outside saws of the of movement of the clamps.

gang having greater diameter than the inner ones, the diameters gradually decreasing from the outside of the gangto itscenter. This of course gives a concave face to the gang as a whole, and instead of being arranged upon a shaft set at an acute angle to the line of travel of the book-carrying chain of clamps it is set at a rightangle thereto, so that the saws revolve in a plane parallel with the line This construction is shown in Fig. 31. an arc the outside saws, which have greater diameter than the central oneso o. w is the shaft, 1 is the book, and z z are the clamps. a a are guides, substantially the same in their operation as the guides O and P. (See Figs. 2 and 4.) In

both cases they act to stay or support the book during the back-sawing operation; but

in the case of round-backed books there is a little difference in shape, the forward edges of the guides against which the book rubs are bent downwardly, as shown in Figs. 31 and 32, so that they will be out of the Way of the saws and afford better opportunity for the outer sheets to turn upwardly under the action of the saw, thus giving the offset or widening to the back of the book desirable in round-backed books, and in order that this result may follow these guides a a are set somewhat higher than those in the other case. The turning outwardly and upwardly of the exterior sheets under the action ofthe saws is shown at I) Z), Fig. 31. In Fig. 32 we show the. glue-rollers. They are made concave on their edge, the same as the saw. 0' is one of the rollers, d is its shaft, and e is the concave face, adapted to conform to the back of the book as rounded, and we prefer to elevate the guides at a a little by bending the edge thereof upwardly just before coming to the glue-rollers, so that they will not be smeared by the glue.

At the next step of the machine the backing material is attached, which, as before stated, may be of various kinds, but preferably cottoirbatting, because its fibers intermesh and interlock with the fibrous condition of the back of the book as left by the saws better than most other materials, and at the next step, which in the case of the fiatbacked books was that at which the covers were fed and attached, we substitute in the place ofthose covering devices others,which are as follows, whereby there is automatically made and applied to the rounded backs of the books a strong durable binding material composed, preferably, of crash and paper, thus adapting the books to be bound in the so called spring-back fashion, if desired, and at the same time providing the laterally-projecting flaps, to which the casings can thereafter be fastened in any of the well-known ways. These devices are as follows, reference being had to Figs.83,3f, 35,36, and 37: f (see especially Fig. 33) is the apparatus already described for feeding the cotton-batting, and immediately in front of or beyond it and so located as to properly register with the position of the parts at the next step of the machine is a glue'tank g, in which revolves a roller it, above which is a roll of paper "6, supported upon slotted standards j, mounted upon the glue-tank, and a roll of crash or equivalent material it revolves on an axis supported in hearings on the ends of brackets Z, made on the glue-tank. m is one side of an oscillating frame, pivoted at n to the standard j. The other side of this frame is not apparent in Fig. 33, but it is supported on the other sideof the glue-tank in the same manner as that shown, andthe other bracket Z is also not shown for the same reason. 0' is a lug, which engages with a set-screw p to determine the rearward movement of the frame m. g is a roller revolving on an axis about half-way up the oscillating frame m, and r is another similar roller at the upper portion of this frame. 5 is a little frictionroller or check-roller mounted on the ends of two arms 25, which are. pivoted to the end of horizontal extensions to from the frame m. o o are wires, a portion of which constitute a spring 20. The ends of the wires are attached to the nutof the set-screw p at one end and at the-other end to the little rocking arms 15'. y is a little table attached to the upper end of the oscillating frame m, and z is another table attached to an upright frame a supported upon arms N, in which turns a roller 0 the upper arc of which projects above the table a, and the arms 19 are keyed upon a shaft (Z which is intermittently rocked by a lever 6 which is actuated by a small cam (not shown) upon the main shaft E. f is a rocking bar which is sleeved at g upon a stud 712, made on or passing through the side of the glue-tank g, and on the upper free end of the rod or bar f is attached the shears, constructed as follows: i is one blade of the shears. It is pivoted at j 'to the upper end of the bar f and has a rearwardly-extending stem 7.5 which slides through an eyebolt Z which is secured to any suitable part of the machine, preferably the track or Way to. The

upper blade of the shears m is'likewise pivoted upon the pivot j and has a downwardlyextending bell-crank lever 72 to which is pivoted'a connecting-rod 0 to the other end of which there is attached a grooved cam (not shown, because it is well understood) keyed upon the main shaft E. 1.72 is another rod pivoted at g to the rock-bar f at the other end of which there is another grooved cam (also not shown) placed upon the main shaft E. The operation of these parts is as follows, the various devices being so timed in a manner well understood as that the parts shall operate and coact with each other so as to effect the results about to be explained: The paper and the crash are both together passed from their respective rolls about the small rollers q and r, as shown by reference-letter T and thence over the tables y and z, and it will be noticed that the crash comes upon the pasted sired width,sutlicient,in other words,to cover the rounded back of the books and project laterally therefrom at each side sufficient to form the flap for the attachment of the easings thereto. As the shaft E revolves the lever 6 is intermittently rocked, which rocks the shaft d and consequentlylifts the roller c and the table 2 and the compound strip of crash and paper up against the back of the book. The adhesive material oozes or is pressed partially through the crash, and it also passes through the cotton-batting on the back: of the book, so that when the table z and the roller c brin g the crash and paperagainst the bookback it adheres thereto, and at the next step of the machine the paper and crash are pulled forwardly with the book, and this pull causes the oscillating frame m to rock forwardly,

somewhat expanding or stretching the spring to, and at the same time unwinding more of the paper and crash; but before the book starts the roller 0 and table a have again moved downwardly. The forward movement of the book is sufficient to bring the rear of the clamps which hold the book a trifle in advance of the shears, so that the shaft E, continuing to revolve, the connecting-rod 19 being acted upon by its grooved cam, which is upon the shaft E, swings the bar f forwardly and the crash and paper passes between the blades of the shears. The bar f is held in this position by the construction of the cams, while the cam at the end of the rod 0 which is also on the shaft E, operates the shears and severs the paper and crash. Thereupon the spring w'acts and retracts the oscillating frame m until it is stopped by the setscrewp', engaging with the log 0, and the friction or check roll 8 during this operation holds the compound strip 1' so that it will not drop back or become misplaced, but will be simply drawn back over the table 2 and roller 0 into the proper position to register with and be attached to the next succeeding book upon a repetition of the movements. The oscillating frame 172' is employed, among other reasons, so that the material composing the compound strip may not be wasted, which would be the case were it not possible to retract that material after having been once severed, Immediately in advance of the devices last described the book is subjected to the operation of devices for pressing and drying and breaking this stiff strong compound backing material upon the book, which are as follows, reference being had especially to Figs. 35, 36, and 37, these devices being substituted for the cover pressing, drying, and breaking devices heretofore described.

The book-carryin g chain of clamps is shown passing over the devices about to be described, the links R of which only are indicated in these figures to avoid confusion. The clamp- 

